IJCIRISSN 1996-1065 [Online]
ISSN 1818-1139 [PRINT]

Africa had a late start in the race to setting up and obtaining universities with research quality fundamentals. According to Mamdani, the first colonial universities were few and far between: Makerere in East Africa, Ibadan and Legon in West Africa. This last place in the race, compared to other continents, has had tremendous implications in the development plans for the continent. For Africa, the race has been difficult from a late start to an insurmountable litany of problems that include difficulty in equipment acquisition, lack of capacity, limited research and development resources and lack of investments in local universities. In fact most of these universities are very recent with many less than 50 years in business except a few. To help reduce the labor costs incurred by the colonial masters of shipping Europeans to Africa to do mere clerical jobs, they started training ?workshops? calling them technical or business colleges. According to Mamdani, meeting colonial needs was to be achieved while avoiding the ?Indian disease? in Africa -- that is, the development of an educated middle class, a group most likely to carry the virus of nationalism. Upon independence, most of these ?workshops? were turned into national ?universities?, but with no clear role in national development. These national ?universities? were catering for children of the new African political elites. Through the seventies and eighties, most African universities were still without development agendas and were still doing business as usual. Meanwhile, governments strapped with lack of money saw no need of putting more scarce resources into big white elephants. By mid-eighties, even the UN and IMF were calling for a limit on funding African universities. In today�s African university, the traditional curiosity driven research model has been replaced by a market-driven model dominated by a consultancy culture according to Mamdani (Mamdani, Mail and Guardian Online). The prevailing research culture as intellectual life in universities has been reduced to bare-bones classroom activity, seminars and workshops have migrated to hotels and workshop attendance going with transport allowances and per diems (Mamdani, Mail and Guardian Online). There is need to remedy this situation and that is the focus of this paper.

This research attempts to design a framework for Business Intelligence based on critical motivational factors that influence the online buying decisions of Indian Consumer and to establish their causal impact. The effectiveness of the motivational factors is tested through the online users of Indian Railway website (irctc.co.in).
Categories and Subject Descriptors: J. [Computer Applications] : Business Intelligence in E-Retailing J.4. [Computer Application in Online Buying Behaviour]: Business Intelligence Model for Online Buying Behaviour in Indian Context;
Subject descriptor: Designing and Developing Business Intelligence Model based on Motivation for Online Buying Behaviour of Indian consumer through Empirical study

The queuing delay which is suffered by a packet that is transiting a packet switch has the most adverse effect on the delay performance of the switch. Being able to estimate the maximum queuing delay which any packet may suffer in a packet switch will make it possible to design upper bounded end-to-end delay switched networks, which are very important in today's delay sensitive networks. In this paper, we have characterized the maximum queuing delay of a packet switch; a characterization, which is in consonance with the definition of maximum queuing delay in literature.

This survey sought to investigate links between use of ICT with six individual characteristics, namely interaction with ICT change agents, ICT training, cosmopolitanism, age, gender and income level. The study was a co-relational and cross-sectional survey biased to the quantitative approach, involving 145 teaching staff, 124 senior administrators and 175 graduate students. Primary data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire, and analysed using summary statistics (e.g. means and standard deviations), t-test, Analysis of Varince and Pearson correlation. Results indicated fair levels of use of ICT, although all individual characteristics but gender significantly related with use of ICT. Appropriate recommendations toward putting in place ICT change agents in all units in the University, training leading to possession of ICT qualifications, and special ICT help (including ICT training) for the less cosmopolitanism and the ageing and aged plus provision of institutional ICT so that the financially less able can also access and hence use the same, were accordingly suggested

Developing a National Information Communication Technology Policy (NICTP) of a country is vital for the development of a nation. Tanzania recognized that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector is a key accelerator to development, that is why NICTP was enacted by parliament in 2003, and what followed was its implementation. So far tremendous progress has been made including liberalisation of the sector. Although it is more than 7 years the ICT sector has changed quite significantly; there is a need to review all stages of the policy and finally come up with suggestions for improvements. This paper looks into the process of reviewing the Tanzania NICTP by applying the benchmarking process as a supporting tool for policy-making. The paper illustrates the analysis carried out and the results from five relatively successful countries, namely Australia, Estonia, Malaysia, Mauritius and Singapore in ICT policy formulation, policy focus areas and policy implementation. Besides the policy process and stakeholder�s involvement, the ICT policy goals, objectives and mission are discussed. The institutional arrangements for driving the ICT policy at regional and international dimensions, as well as the implementation processes, policy review and monitoring are elaborated. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations on how the policy review processes should be carried out.

Scaffolds are a good method of implementing self-regulated learning. Use of prior knowledge makes the learner to understand a topic better. Learner adaptation enables a learner to be presented with content that matches his/her level of understanding.
The main aim of this project is to use the adaptive scaffolds in form of concept maps in web-based e-learning systems to play the role of learner guide. The learner creates a concept map from prior knowledge to show how he/she understands a certain domain of knowledge. The concept map takes into account the knowledge of the learner in that topic, and uses it to adapt to the user level. This is done by integrated evaluation where the learner is presented with a concept map that matches his level of understanding as he/she draws the concept map. The scaffolding and the adaptation are implemented using production rules.

Biometric verification refers to an automatic verification of a person based on some specific biometric features derived from his/her physiological and/or behavioral characteristics. A biometric verification system has more capability to reliably distinguish between an authorized person and an imposter than the traditional systems that use a card or a password. In biometrics, a person could be recognized based on who he/she is rather than what he/she has (ID card) or what he/she knows (password). Currently, biometrics finds use in ATMs, computers, security installations, mobile phones, credit cards, health and social services. The future in biometrics seems to belong to the multimodal biometrics (a biometric system using more than one biometric feature) as a unimodal biometric system (biometric system using single biometric feature) has to contend with a number of problems. In this paper, a survey of some of the unimodal biometrics will be presented that are either currently in use across a range of environments or those still in limited use or under development, or still in the research realm.